DIMETHYL CARBONATE - Kowa Company. Ltd.

DIMETHYL CARBONATE (DMC) The Newest VOC Exempt Solvent Kowa American Corp April 2010

Previous VOC Exempt Coating Solvents • Realistically there were only a handful of VOC exempt solvents that are not HAPS (or ODS) and under $ 2.00/lb that formulators can use for coating, cleaning & adhesive solvents: • Acetone • Methyl acetate (MeAc) • tert-Butyl Acetate (tBAc) • p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF)

Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) • VOC exemption petition filed July 2004 by Kowa American Corp. • DMC has perhaps lowest MIR value of any liquid chemical in commercial use based on studies conducted by Dr. William Carter (study funded by Exxon Mobil Chemical) • Ultra-low MIR is allowing for fast approvals by the various states due to its very favorable ozone reduction potential

DMC & PC recently exempted by the EPA • Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) & Propylene Carbonate exempted by EPA on Jan 13, 2009 • Each state must also exempt DMC & PC for stationary source VOC rules. • Almost all states beside California will have exempted DMC by the end of 2010 (33 states have now exempted DMC (April 2010)). • California must have each of their Air Districts separately exempt DMC for coatings, Inks and adhesives, which is proceeding forward.

DMC for Architectural, Aerosol & Automotive Refinish Coatings • DMC is VOC exempt in all states except CA, NY, RI, MA for: Architectural Coatings (subpart D), Automotive Refinish Coatings (Subpart B) and Consumer Items (subpart C) based on Federal VOC rules (40 CFR part 59) • DMC (with its ultra low MIR value) can soon be used nationwide in aerosol coatings (already approved for use in all of Calif.).

DMC VOC Exempt States Washington August 2010 Montana Oregon May 2010

North Dakota

Vermont Minnesota

Idaho March 2010

New Hampshire

Wyoming August 2010

Nevada

Wisconsin August 2010

South Dakota May 2010 Nebraska April 2010

Utah March 2010

California Each AMD must exempt New Mexico

Kansas Sept 2010

Oklahoma July 2010

T exas April 1, 2010

Massachusetts July 2010 Rhode Island August 2010 Connecticut

Pennsylvania

Iowa Indiana

Missouri July 2010 Arkansas Oct. 2010

New Jersey

Ohio West Virginia

Virginia

Kentucky T ennessee May 2010 Alabama March 2010

Alaska Sept. 2010

New York August 2010

Michigan Oct. 2010

Illinois Colorado

Arizona June 2010

Maine

North Carolina South Carolina July 2010 Georgia

Louisiana Florida

Hawaii

DMC VOC exempt states in green

Delaware Maryland

DMC Exemption Status in Calif. • San Diego, Monterey, Mohave, Ventura & Feather River AMD’s have exempted DMC • Most county districts plan to exempt or have no VOC rules (DMC functionally exempt) • 3 main regional AMD’s delaying process, we need help in showing them DMC’s appeal • SCAQMD (L.A.)Naveen Berry 909-396-2363 • Bay Area QMD Dan Belick 415-749-4786 • San Joaquin George Heinen 559-230-6100

Del Norte

Siskiyou

Modoc

Green = DMC VOC Exempt Shasta

Trinity

Lassen

Tehama Butte May

Glenn

Orange = No VOC rules, DMC functionally exempt Light Blue = In rulemaking

Plumas Sierra Nevada

Colusa Lake May

El Dorado Yolo Alpine Napa Amador Sonoma Solano Marin San Contra Joaquin Tuolumne Costa San Francisco

Tan = no formal rulemaking started yet

Mono

Alameda

San

Mateo Santa

Santa

Clara

Merced

Cruz San

Benito

Fresno Inyo Tulare

Monterey

Kings

San Luis Obispo Sept 2010

Kern San Bernardino

Santa Barbara Los Ventura Angeles

Orange

Riverside

San Diego

Imperial June 2010

MIR Reactivity Values (2009) MIR gram basis MIR mole basis

DMC

0.055

4.95

Ethane

0.26

7.8

Acetone

0.35

20.3

Methyl Acetate

0.067

5.2

Prop Carbonate

0.27

27.56

Benzotrifluoride

0.28

40.91

DMC General Properties • DMC is a colorless, fast evaporating solvent • Has substantial polar nature, and moderate hbonding strength effective in replacing esters, glycol ethers and ketones in formulations • Has low toxicity, an unobjectionable methanol type odor and low skin irritation • Freezes at 2 – 4 ºC (36 –38 ºF) • Flammable Liquid, Flash point 17 ºC (63 ºF)

DMC Evaporation Rate Fast to moderate evaporation rate (3.22 – 3.4, BuAC = 1.0), similar to tBAC (2.8), toluene (2.0) and isopropyl acetate (3.0) Can be used to as slightly slower evaporating replacement for MEK (3.8), Ethyl Acetate (4.1- 4.2), or as faster evaporating replacement for IPA (1.7), MPK (2.3), Ethanol (1.8) and MIBK (1.6)

DMC - Flammability • DMC has a flashpoint of 63ºF (17ºC) • Flammability will limit use in consumer coatings, cleaning or indoor applications • Flammability risk still much lower than acetone (-4º F), ethyl acetate (26ºF) or MEK (26ºF), which DMC can readily replace • Partially water soluble (up to 13 % in water), which allows water to be more effective in fighting DMC based fires.

Flashpoint, E. rate, Boiling point Evaporation Flashpoint Rate ºF BuAc =1.0

Boiling point ºC

DMC

3.22

63

90

PCBTF

.9

109*

139

DMC

3.22

63

90

269.6

240

Prop Carb